During translation, there are start and stop signal codons. Why are these codons important to translation?

Question by Chocolate Strawberryxoxo: During translation, there are start and stop signal codons. Why are these codons important to translation?
A:Amino acids can only be made from three codonsB:Multiple chains of amino acids are produced during translation.C:They begin and end the synthesis of a single protein.D:A mRNA molecule is separated in codons and must be segmented before it can form codons.

Best answer:

Answer by Suchimo
C.In eukaryotes this is important because not all of the mRNA codes for the polypeptide – there are untranslated regions on mRNA (UTRs). Translating the non-gull regions would produce non-functional polypeptides. Prokaryotes are a wholly different bag altogether, and don’t have precise discrete start and stop codons per se (Shine-Dalgarno sequences, attenuators and rho-dependant termination etc instead), as well as producing polycistronic mRNA (which is not really relevant).Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes produce multiple polypeptide chains from one strand of mRNA though, but this doesn’t have much to with why stop and start codons are important, and I feel C is more relevant.

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